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Table 1 The notations of Kwon et al.’s scheme

From: A multi-gateway authentication and key-agreement scheme on wireless sensor networks for IoT

Ui

The user i

Sj

The sensor j

GW

Gateway

IDi

The identity of user i

PWi

The password of user i

PIDi

The pseudo identity of user i

SIDj

The identity of sensor j

kGWN

A long-term secret key of the gateway

KG

A secret key between the gateway and sensor

Rl

A random number generated by the participant l

Nl

A nonce generated by the participant l

SK

The session key

h(∙)

A secure one-way hash function

‖

The concatenation operation

⊕

The exclusive-or (XOR) operation