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Table 5 Typical cognitive-based CAPTCHAs

From: Human-artificial intelligence approaches for secure analysis in CAPTCHA codes

CAPTCHA

Illustration

Challenge

Feature

BeCAPTCHA-Mouse [58]

Select all images in term of description

Grids, user mouse tracking, image selection, semantic

Gametrics [59]

Drag a subset of the moving objects to their corresponding static targets

Limited image database, human craft, semantic, image drag

GEETest

Slide the slider until two puzzle pieces match

Multi layers, background, noise, one puzzle piece and one missing puzzle piece, image slide

Netease [6]

Slide the slider until two puzzle pieces match

Multi layers, background, noise, one puzzle piece and one missing puzzle piece, image slide

EYE-CAPTCHA [60]

The user finds the answer to a simple math operation displayed on the screen and moves it to the center with his eyes

Moving objects by eye, colorful, background, noise, math-based

No CAPTCHA reCAPTCHA

Click on I’m not a robot Checkbox

User tracking

Invisible reCAPTCHA

There is no visible challenge; it is triggered by a Javascript API or by the user clicking on an existing button on the website

User tracking

CAPPCHA [61]

Tilt the device in a specific direction

Mobile devices, tilting devices

Sensor CAPTCHA [62]

 

Do gestures like hammering, fishing, and turning the body while holding the mobile device

Mobile devices, simulating gestures with devices

Pedometric CAPTCHA [63]

Take at least five steps

Mobile devices, simulating gestures with devices

Invisible CAPPCHA [66]

 

No action is required

User tracking

AccCAPTCHA [67]

Play a simple rolling ball game or another popular game

Game, mobile devices

GISCHA [68]

Play a simple game in which you move a ball to a hole with a specific shape

Game, mobile devices

SenCAPTCHA [70]

Determine the animal's eye position, then tilt the device to move the ball there

Mobile devices, tilting devices

BrightPass [71]

 

In terms of screen brightness, enter a correct PIN digit or a deceptive lie digit

Screen brightness cognition