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Table 3 Estimated values of FAR, FRR, and SAR for password-based password’s length (fixed-context in-house dataset) with modern and proposed methods

From: Behavior-based user authentication on mobile devices in various usage contexts

Modalities

Single sensor

Two sensors

Multisensors

Sensors

Accelerometer

Gyroscope

Touchscreen

Accelerometer and gyroscope

Motion sensor and touchscreen

Abuhamad et al. method

  FAR

17.2%

32.8%

20.3%

15.8%

4.6%

  FRR

12.4%

25.5%

15.1%

10.8%

7.6%

  SAR

13.8%

38.2%

13.6%

13.2%

2.6%

Reichinger et al. method

  FAR

18.1%

37.1%

19.8%

13.9%

12.4%

  FRR

13.8%

27.9%

15.6%

12.1%

8.4%

  SAR

16.8%

39.1%

14.2%

13.9%

3.4%

MMAuth method

  FAR

19.1%

34.0%

17.6%

14.8%

7.7%

  FRR

13.0%

26.3%

15.3%

11.4%

7.2%

  SAR

16.4%

39.5%

14.9%

12.8%

1.5%

BehaviorID method

  FAR

14.5%

32.1%

17.2%

12.7%

11.9%

  FRR

11.2%

24.8%

14.2%

10.4%

6.9%

  SAR

15.9%

37.2%

13.1%

12.5%

0.4%