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Table 3 The average BER \( \overline {R}_{\mathrm {e}} \) and successful extraction rate Rs after videos are transcoded by the video transcoder with a CRF value of 16, 22, or 26

From: Robust video steganography for social media sharing based on principal component analysis

  

CRF16 (×10−2)

CRF22 (×10−2)

CRF26 (×10−2)

  

\( \overline {R}_{\mathrm {e}} \)

Rs(1)

Rs(2)

Rs(3)

\( \overline {R}_{\mathrm {e}} \)

Rs(1)

Rs(2)

Rs(3)

\( \overline {R}_{\mathrm {e}} \)

Rs(1)

Rs(2)

Rs(3)

480p

Fan’s method

0.46

13

97

100

2.28

0

17

93

4.45

0

0

42

 

Non-PCA method

0.94

10

87

90

3.31

0

67

83

5.91

0

0

37

 

Proposed method

0.77

63

90

90

1.51

0

70

90

2.59

0

33

87

720p

Fan’s method

0.14

27

100

100

1.07

0

60

100

2.53

0

0

90

 

Non-PCA method

0.19

20

97

100

1.47

0

30

100

3.20

0

0

77

 

Proposed method

0.05

63

100

100

0.53

10

80

100

1.34

0

37

100

1080p

Fan’s method

0.10

40

100

100

0.73

0

67

100

1.78

0

0

97

 

Non-PCA method

0.11

20

97

100

0.87

0

50

100

2.06

0

0

87

 

Proposed method

0.03

60

100

100

0.34

0

90

100

0.95

0

40

100