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Table 7 Comparing fusion ensembles consisting of all five, one set of four (DBIOSIGNaive, DBIOSIGMC, DarXivNaive, and DarXivMC), and one set of three (DarXivNaive, DBIOSIGMC, Dkeypoints) detectors with the fixed decision thresholds and equal fusion weights with the combined LondonDB/UtrechtDB/Alabama datasets (best result per morph type and ensemble size marked in bold)

From: Potential advantages and limitations of using information fusion in media forensics—a discussion on the example of detecting face morphing attacks

  

SC1

SC2

Fusion

Morph type

BPCER

APCER

HTER

BPCER

APCER

HTER

FM (5 det)

Combined

11.39%

0.56%

5.97%

7.15%

9.30%

8.23%

FWLC (5 det)

 

18.09%

0.02%

9.05%

19.90%

0.84%

10.37%

FDST (5 det)

 

25.47%

0.02%

12.74%

35.02%

0.01%

17.51%

FLR (5 det)

 

23.68%

0.02%

11.85%

27.05%

0.35%

13.70%

FM (4 det)

 

2.98%

0.56%

1.77%

1.56%

9.30%

5.43%

FWLC (4 det)

 

5.29%

1.07%

3.18%

2.31%

12.17%

7.24%

FDST (4 det)

 

22.34%

0.02%

11.18%

19.75%

0.49%

10.12%

FLR (4 det)

 

7.67%

0.61%

4.14%

4.47%

8.53%

6.50%

FM (3 det)

 

26.14%

0.19%

13.16%

23.25%

3.85%

13.55%

FWLC (3 det)

 

88.38%

0.00%

44.19%

98.06%

0.00%

49.03%

FDST (3 det)

 

25.91%

0.01%

12.96%

44.86%

0.01%

22.43%

FLR (3 det)

 

60.46%

0.01%

30.23%

77.35%

0.01%

38.68%

FM (5 det)

Complete

11.39%

0.31%

5.85%

7.15%

3.76%

5.46%

FWLC (5 det)

 

18.09%

0.02%

9.05%

19.90%

0.60%

10.25%

FDST (5 det)

 

25.47%

0.02%

12.74%

35.02%

0.02%

17.52%

FLR (5 det)

 

23.68%

0.02%

11.85%

27.05%

0.27%

13.66%

FM (4 det)

 

2.98%

0.30%

1.64%

1.56%

3.76%

2.66%

FWLC (4 det)

 

5.29%

0.97%

3.13%

2.31%

9.57%

5.94%

FDST (4 det)

 

22.34%

0.02%

11.18%

19.75%

0.64%

10.19%

FLR (4 det)

 

7.67%

0.58%

4.12%

4.47%

6.51%

5.49%

FM (3 det)

 

26.14%

0.09%

13.11%

23.25%

1.36%

12.30%

FWLC (3 det)

 

88.38%

0.00%

44.19%

98.06%

0.00%

49.03%

FDST (3 det)

 

25.91%

0.02%

12.96%

44.86%

0.00%

22.43%

FLR (3 det)

 

60.46%

0.00%

30.23%

77.35%

0.00%

38.67%

FM (5 det)

Splicing

11.39%

1.45%

6.42%

7.15%

12.35%

9.75%

FWLC (5 det)

 

18.09%

0.07%

9.08%

19.90%

1.42%

10.66%

FDST (5 det)

 

25.47%

0.03%

12.74%

35.02%

0.03%

17.52%

FLR (5 det)

 

23.68%

0.03%

11.85%

27.05%

0.55%

13.80%

FM (4 det)

 

2.98%

1.45%

2.21%

1.56%

12.35%

6.96%

FWLC (4 det)

 

5.29%

2.33%

3.81%

2.31%

16.71%

9.51%

FDST (4 det)

 

22.34%

0.05%

11.19%

19.75%

0.84%

10.29%

FLR (4 det)

 

7.67%

1.42%

4.55%

4.47%

11.66%

8.06%

FM (3 det)

 

26.14%

0.48%

13.31%

23.25%

6.01%

14.63%

FWLC (3 det)

 

88.38%

0.00%

44.19%

98.06%

0.00%

49.03%

FDST (3 det)

 

25.91%

0.03%

12.97%

44.86%

0.03%

22.44%

FLR (3 det)

 

60.46%

0.01%

30.24%

77.35%

0.00%

38.67%