Table 1 Comparison of the document issuing (SC1) and identity verification (SC2) scenarios
Document issuing (SC1) | Identity verification (SC2) | |
|---|---|---|
Attack’s target | Officer at the document issuing authority | Identity verification system |
Time constraints | Up to several minutes | Few seconds (< 2 s) |
Face image format | - Low-size printed document image - High-resolution digital image from a certified photo-kiosk | - Low-resolution compressed digital document image - Low-size re-printed document image partially occluded by watermarks |
Currently used morphing detection mechanisms | - Naked eye, comparison to the person in front of the desk | - No explicit mechanisms - AFR systems may be set to rejecting at low similarity |
Proposed morphing detection mechanisms | - Primarily non-reference (blind) detection - Could be extended by reference-based detection | - Reference-based detection - Demorphing - Could be extended by non-reference (blind) detection |