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Table 3 Summary of the limited and zero knowledge source identification approaches

From: Media forensics on social media platforms: a survey

Method

Cues

Methodology

Class

Media

SNs

Dataset

[22]

PRNU

K-medoids clustering

Device

Image

Facebok, Google+, Telegram, WhatsApp

SDRG

[28]

PRNU

Hierarchical clustering

Device

Image

Flickr

−

[20]

PRNU

Hybrid clustering

Device

Image

Facebook, WhatsApp

VISION

[24]

Video file container

Hierarchical clustering

Device, Model, Brand

Video

WhatsApp, YouTube

VISION

[19]

PRNU

Consensus clustering

Device

Image

Facebook

−

[2]

Video file container

Unsupervised approach (likelihood-ratio framework)

Brand

Video

Facebook, WhatsApp

VISION

[21]

CNN-based

Similarity graph

Model

Image

Reddit

−