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Table 3 Different forms of injection code with their common patterns

From: A novel technique to prevent SQL injection and cross-site scripting attacks using Knuth-Morris-Pratt string match algorithm

S/N

Injection type

Common pattern

Example

1

Boolean-based

’ OR ‘…’ = | > | > =| < | < =|<>|! = ‘…’;#

‘ OR ‘1’ = ‘1’;#

123’ OR ‘a’ <> ‘b’ ;#

‘ OR ‘2 + 3’ < = ‘10’ ;#

2

Union-based

‘ union select … from …;#

‘ union select * from users; #

‘ union select name from a;#

3

Error-Based

’…convert ( |avg( | round(...

111’ convert(int, ‘abcd’)

A’ avg(‘&%$#@*’)

4

Batch query

‘; drop | delete | insert | truncate | update | select…;#

aaa’ ; delete * from users; #

‘ ; drop table users; #

5

Like-based

’OR … LIKE ‘…%’;#

‘ OR username LIKE ‘S%’#

6

XSS

<script> …’…;</script>

<script>alert(‘Xss’);</script>