Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection

EURASIP Journal on Information Security

Table 5 Robustness evaluation and comparison

Method	Copy and paste	Reformatting	Insertion (%)	Deletion (%)	Replace (%)	Retyping (%)	R_PCP(%)
Por et al. [45]	✓	✓	48.3	53.7	55.7	×	0.01
Taleby Ahvanooey et al. [49]	✓	✓	100	99.7	99.6	×	1.9
Rizzo et al. [51]	✓	✓	0	0	1.2	×	0
Taleby Ahvanooey et al. [59]	✓	✓	100	100	100	×	0
Khosravi et al. [47]	×	×	0	1.7	2.6	×	0
Fine-grain TW (proposed)	✓	✓	96.4	98.2	98.3	×	99.92

Robustness evaluation on 1000 news articles of recent, latin-based structural text watermarking and steganography methods. The results of the attacks involving insertion, deletion, and replacement of words are shown for 10% attack size, while 32 words are considered for partial copy R_PCP