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Table 4 Correlations between spam/spambots and economic factors

From: Cross-country analysis of spambots

Economic variable

IndianaUniversity (n)

Microsoft (n)

GDP per capita by PPP

0.46*** (145)

0.15 (75)

Fixed broadband Internet subscribers (FBIS)

0.84*** (164)

0.68*** (77)

Fixed broadband Internet subscribers (per 100 people)

0.39*** (164)

0.17 (77)

Internet users (per 100 people)

0.43*** (156)

0.12 (77)

Secure Internet servers

0.74*** (172)

0.46*** (78)

Secure Internet servers (per onemillion people)

0.23** (172)

0.08 (78)

Computer, comm, and other services (% exports)

0.29*** (141)

0.29* (73)

Computer, comm, and other services (% imports)

0.28*** (141)

0.27* (73)

World governance indicators (WGI)

0.29*** (168)

0.08 (79)

  1. Significant codes: ‘***’ <0.001, ‘**’ <0.01, ‘*’ <0.05.