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Table 1 Comparison of available implementations and their properties at the time of selecting basis implementations (September 2017) and our work for comparison

From: Implementing a blockchain from scratch: why, how, and what we learned

Name

Consensus

Permissioned

Limitation

Bitcoin

PoW

–

Extent of modifications infeasible

Ethereum

PoW

–

Complexity exceeds requirements

MultiChain

PoW

√

Limited to high power consumption platforms

OpenChain

PoA

√

PoA algorithm not suitable for use case

Hyperledger Sawtooth

Dynamic

√

Not mature at time of evaluation

Hyperledger Fabric

Dynamic

√

Known security flaws

HAWK

PoW

–

Implementation not available

Corda

PoA

√

PoA algorithm not suitable for use case

Tendermint

BFT

√

Not available at time of evaluation

Stellar

BFT

–

Not mature at time of evaluation

EOS

BFT

√

Not mature at time of evaluation

NEO

BFT

–

Complexity exceeds requirements

OmniLedger

BFT

–

Not available at time of evaluation

ByzCoin

BFT

–

Extent of modifications infeasible

This work

PoW ∗

√

Requires tamper-proof hardware †

  1. ∗See Section 6. †This is a requirement for electricity meters in the energy domain; see Section 5